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%<   ;  @What kind of talk is this?Evangelism FUD Fun0  AErlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?"D0General purpose programming language Runtime system Developed by Ericsson Open source Key feature: designed for ease of developing highly-reliable, highly-concurrent systems Enables highly robust applications: The AXD 301 includes 2 million lines of Erlang Reliability: NINE 9 s ZGZ%  XF$0  $$BErlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?, D Erlang Driver Toolkit Declarative APIs to external library Automatic wrapper generation Tracks library resources and cleans up Enhanced for BDB support: Supports Erlang s  crash early error-handling model (supervisors) Meshes Erlang-style concurrency with BDB concurrency (private thread pools) Adds significant convenience layers for configration and replication Minimal overhead ;ZZAZZ%A  BLE  $$((l=9# 8 ` "CErlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?B @ D |Berkeley Database Database functionality & Transactions Recovery Replication & in a different package Library linked directly into an application Programmatic APIs Schemaless: key/data pairs+Z"ZZYZ  , $$((,, DDisruptive Technology< a technological innovation, product, or service that eventually overturns the existing dominant technology or status quo product in the market. -- Wikipedia,z$ ?OutlineInterpreting the Title Disecting an Internet Service Erlang, it s philosophy and runtime Putting it all together Q&AjuD@$  , :WAn Internet Service XAn Internet Service YAn Internet Service ZThe Software Architecture$In any case, your software is a messEOutlineInterpreting the Title Disecting an Internet Service Erlang, it s philosophy and runtime Putting it all together Q&AluDD$@  , :GThe Erlang Approach Don t fight the problem Don t fight the medium (the network) Don t fight the medium (distributed software):k%- H.Don t Fight the Problem1:1 concurrency with the problem/solution domain Explicit lightweight stateful conversations (addressable processes) Arbitrarily rich messages 01D ,0 AI6Don t Fight the the NetworkAsynchronous send (location-agnostic send and pray) Ordered inbox per process Blocking receive with timeout (message-selection via pattern-matching)04F J@Don      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz{|}~ t Fight Distributed Software! No shared memory: no mutexes, no mutation True loose-coupling: processes are free to migrate Safe to kill any process any time Recovery-oriented computing (before it was fashionable) Let it crash Propagate exceptions Know how to recoverv*U86*3"8 ,bnLErlang Tricks: ProcessesBelong to the language (runtime), not OS Very lightweight Immutable data Asynchronous message passing Upgrade application on live, running system Implication: No big deal if a process dies l) , HuMErlang Tricks: LinksLinks connect processes On process crash, all linked processes get message. Notified processes can clean up, takeover, do whatever is necessary. Easy to create supervisors No recovery: just crash, cleanup and restartD4E , NErlang Tricks: ConcurrencyUse concurrency to structure the application  My first message is that concurrency is best regarded as a program structuring principle Tony Hoare, 2001 Concurrency-oriented programming Share nothing Pure message passing Let it crash -[" !0-[!   WOErlang Nuts and Bolts>Hello World -module(hello). -export(hello_world/0). hello_world() -> io:format( Hello world.~n , []). Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.5.5 [source] [async-threads:0] [kernel-poll:false] Eshell V5.5.5 (abort with ^G) 1> c(hello). {ok,hello} 2> hello:hello_world(). Hello world. ok 3>  Z\ZZZ 9CC! C CC ( ( 9 PSpawning ProcessesPid = spawn(module, function, args). For example: Erlang (BEAM) emulator version 5.5.5 [source] [async-threads:0] [kernel-poll:false] Eshell V5.5.5 (abort with ^G) 1> spawn(hello, hello_world, []). <0.32.0>Hello world. 2> 2Z" ZZ$CA @ C Cl( ( "QMessage send and receiveSend: Pid ! message. Receive: receive Pattern1 [when Guard1] -> Expression1; Pattern2 [when Guard2] -> Expression2; & end j"  C C CCCC C $$(C(,C,0C044t& )RSend/Receive Example7-module(food). -export([dinner/0]). dinner() -> receive sunday -> io:format("Sunday is fish.~n", []), dinner(); monday -> io:format("Monday is chicken.~n", []), dinner(); tuesday -> io:format("Tuesday is beef.~n", []), dinner(); Other -> io:format("Time to go home.~n", []) end. 88Z6CC0   SSend/Receive ExecutionEshell V5.5.5 (abort with ^G) 1> Pid = spawn(food, dinner, []). <0.32.0> 2> Pid ! tuesday. tuesdayTuesday is beef. 3> Pid ! sunday. sundaySunday is fish. 4> Pid ! wednesday. wednesdayTime to go home. 5> Pid ! monday. monday 6> @ZZC'    T BDB in ErlangErlang: Is Functional (not procedural) Communicates via messages Communicates asynchronously BDB: Is Procedural Communicates via shared memory Blocks on locks/IO/etcvUD9 UEDTK fixes mismatch7Erlang interfaces to outside world via ports. EDTK automatically generates code that wraps library API, making library look like Erlang process(es). Provides framework to: Clean up BDB resources after a crash Manage threadpools to deal with BDB blocking Manage administrative processes Manage replication groupsfZZ.g% - HzF TVAnd the code looks like BDBDB = ?BDB:db_create(Port, []). ?BDB:db_open(Port, DB, void,  database ,   , bdb_DB_BTREE, [bdb_DB_CREATE, 8#644). ?BDB:db_put(Port, DB, void  foo ,  foodata , []). {Key, Data} = ?BDB:db_get(Port, DB, void,  foo , <<>>, []). ?BDB:db_close(Port, DB, []).ZC!CC C C !   FOutlineInterpreting the Title Disecting an Internet Service Erlang, it s philosophy and runtime Putting it all together Q&A^uDD$ @ , :[An Internet Service \How does it Perform? 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Ut G+D=' = @B +;22 5 Pa(    Zy$gֳgֳ?` ,$, CA&8P2f  Z~$gֳgֳ?"P ,$, CQ&8P2f   T$gֳgֳ?",T ,$, C&&8P2fB  s *޽h ? f___PPT10e+D=' p= @B + F22 5 z(  B  C A R- H  0޽h ? f___PPT10e+D=' H= @B +`   `(     N1 ?!   v   Z"g g  ? @  v @Z&&MMssH  0޽h ? a(f  &(     N1 ?   v   Z"gֳgֳ ? @  v@___PPT10 V___PPT980___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   Goal: Introduce the Berkeley DB product lines. We have three different products, but they are similar philosophically, so I ll start with the common material and then split up into discussions about the different products. &/z      H  0޽h ? a(B   p (       N1 ?   v    Z$gֳgֳ ? @  v "H   0޽h ? a(`:   (     N1 ?!   v   Zp$g g  ? @  v @Z&&MMssH  0޽h ? a(L?    p\ ( efertnp  R  3    v   C ~ @  v|`___PPT10@8___PPT9xpn___PPTMac11H@ ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   Now that I ve defined my title, let s look at a  typical Internet service I need to talk about how such services are built today -- I don t know much about this, but I bet Chris can help me. My understanding is that you have a couple of flavors. There are the really big ones that have a bunch of front end HTML, PHP, Javascript and then interface with a bunch of custom software and talk to a big RDBMS. Some of the more forward thinking (and performance critical ones) use that pile of custom software to talk to BDB. Then there are the SOA folks who have a pile of front end stuff that speaks Javascript and talks to a BA application server, and ultimately that Appserver talks to a database. Is this right? (Boy is it not the standard oracle picture that people show ;-)N Ks Ob@ m} : eH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.raFh;  tl(       !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]_`abcdeghij{$?{ R  3    vr  # H" @  v  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.r(S6@  PF( EDEDDAEDDA PR P 3    v P C p" @T  v< ___PPT10`X  ___PPT9  ___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   Evangelism: I didn t invent anything I m going to talk about, but I ve been converted by the prophets and now I m going to try to convert you FUD: I believe that if we don t embrace some of what I m going to talk about, then we re going to be left behind and become irrelevant -- if that doesn t inspire fear, uncertainty and doubt, I don t know what does (other than another RedSox play-off series). Fun: Historically, building highly concurrent, high-performance, robust applications hasn t been much fun, but you know what -- it s kind of fun in Erlang. Some of the messages I ve heard over the past day and a half: Asynchronous Simple -- fork/exec process per request Scalability from day 1 Well -- all here s the talk that tells you how to do all these things.v > ( F$$((tF20K;H P 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ttn  A    X$ (  XR X 3    v  X C W" @  v`___PPT10@8___PPT9xp___PPTMac11tl ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   32 milliseconds of down time per year The AXD301 is a carrier class multiservice switch More on the details of Erlang later  Erlang grew out of a series of experiments which we performed to see if we could find better ways of programming telecoms systems. Our criterion for success was that we could program telecoms systems with less effort and fewer errors than could be done using conventional technology. Joe Armstrong Fosters a style of programming called: crash early (think ROC).N&2$- ?>D fH X 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ttc-B  3+`( O `R ` 3    v1 ` C ʍ @  v@___PPT10 V___PPT980___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   OEDTK is a general driver toolkit for interfacing Erlang with libraries written in other languages. The current EDTK-1.5 was significantly enhanced to facilitate use of BDB in Erlang -- the features of the EDTK were designed with BDB support in mind. So this is a complete, well-thought-out architecture to support lots of BDB features.&Pcto~H ` 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Tt\ C    0h (  hX hC    v  hS P @  vlh___PPT10H@___PPT9F___PPTMac11  ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   86Think, highly reliable, robust, scalable ISAM Why would you want BDB in this enviroment? (Instead of Mnseia, which is part of Erlang) 2 GB per-node limit slow recovery minimal write-concurrency may need greater scalability than provided BDB well-proven in mission critical apps; know how to tune it, etc. X7.X ,EM "E*H h 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Tt\0D  Pp@( E7 pR p 3    v p C p @  v NOK, so a disruptive technology is one poo-poo d by most of today s web developers, but that will come to dominate the web service landscape.& ]H p 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Tt(E  TLx(  xX xC    vL xS }" @  vlh___PPT10H@___PPT9F___PPTMac11  ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   rOK, in this section I need to introduce Erlang -- hit upon the basic programming model. Talk about its concurrency model. (guess I d better learn about actors) Ideally throw out some incredible performance numbers (I d like to compare process creation in Erlang to thread creating in Java and also look at the number of parallel threads you can support in the two environments, but I m not sure I can do that). I may toss up the code for the Web Server to give a sense of the compactness and utility of the language. Talk about how it achieves reliability: process-level robustness; EDTK valmap cleanup capabilities, immutable data (no mutexes), messages passing, etc. I ll confess that the language isn t particularly to my liking, but that I can live with it to get the kind of reliability and robustness and scalability it offers.XBXHj %t(@)>H x 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.raFhF  nf( ޽h X C    vf S @$ @  vH___PPT10( f___PPT9H@___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   LChris -- I would like to show that Erlang lends itself not only to greater reliability, but a cleaner architecture. So, could I take my software architecture slide and simply have a gazillion processes doing their thing? 0th #H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.raFhK  `( 8 R  3    v  C $ @  v iChris was also instrumental in helping me see the light -- understand Erlang and see the power behind it.FH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ut};L  h`(  R  3    vf  C " @  v@___PPT10 V___PPT980___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   BNo shared memory makes process cleanup MUCH simpler Lightweight processes mean that you can spawn them whenever you need them; don t have to be frugal about starting them; can map the computation to the problem. 1 microsecond on this machine (check Java) &4H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ut$M  C;(  R  3    vA  C " @  vH___PPT10( f___PPT9H@___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   -Supervisors watch processes or trees of processes The let it crash philosophy is what the ROC folks at Berkeley/Stanford have been touting -_ Erlang has been doing it for almost two decades 02 *H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ut(ȗbN  r( {5 R  3    v  C  " @  v@___PPT10 V___PPT980___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   XConcurrency oriented programming Unix philosophy on steroids: do one thing and do it wel&Y!7CH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Ut_ tO  (  R  3    v  C P" @  v ~OK, so you want to learn the language, let s learn the languageH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.UtQ  P(  R  3    v  C " @  v If the message doesn t match anything, it is saved for later processing!H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.VtWfS  v( |$%% R  3    v  C `$ @  vX___PPT1080___PPT9h`___PPTMac11ph ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   JThings to note: spawned process (Pid is that <0.32.0> thing). When you send a message, you both get a return and also get the value printed from the execution of the message send. Final message all you get is the value of the expression Trapexit web server is about 250 lines of Erlang (a high performance concurrent web server)DK?v9 [>" !+H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Vt5,T  0((  R  3    v.  C U$ @  v To use a Stonebraker-ism -- isn t this like gluing an orange onto a pancake? 4H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Vt#" V    2 (  R  3    v   C $ @h  vP`___PPT10@8___PPT9xpB___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Helvetica   ,namd$ Times Roman   Well, sort of. It s actually not that different -- uses exceptions (yeay). Environments represented by ports. ?BDB -- ? Just means a macro BDB = berkeley_db_drv -define(BDB, berkeley_db_drv). So ?BDB:db_open == berkeley_db_drv:db_open lp3&  +lEJ  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10. VtHW  h`( # R  3    vf  C ͆ @  v If your architect went to school between 2000 and 2005, then you ve got a standard 3-tier architecture with clients, an app server to encapsulate your business logic using active server pages or javascript, depending on your church. H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.VtX  (( @ R  3    v  C ˇ @  v 6If your architect is a bit older then you ve got an infrastructure of 12 different languages and abunch of code in each of them.aH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.VtuY  ZR(  R  3    vX  C ~ @  v Or perhaps you re a really high volume site and you need a high performance embedded database, so now your application code is all tied up with your database code and you re still using a combination of sub-optimal languages.H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.VtSZ  (  R  3    v  C S" @  v@___PPT10 V___PPT980___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   hYou ve written a big pile of code to manage it all -- isn t there any easier way? I m going to argue throughout the rest of the talk that Erlang s runtime philosophy makes it much easier to manage your concurrency without writing a big pile of code.&R,PH  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Vtb[  zr0 (  X C    vr S p$ @  vX___PPT1080___PPT9h`___PPTMac11ph ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   xDon t worry about having too many processes -- just spawn them off, independently of where they need to run -- remember, distribution is transparent. And your server is a combined Erlang web server and database (BDB). How does it stack up>?DD ,7H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.VtSG  tl0( @G R  3    vr  # e" @  v  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"H  tlP ( aM  R   3    vr   # `" @  v  H   0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"I  tlp$(  POO $R $ 3    vr $ # " @  v  H $ 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"J  tl((    (R ( 3    vr ( # " @  v  H ( 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"P  tl0,( H 0` ,R , 3    vr , # pE" @  v  H , 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"R  tlp0( {5 0R 0 3    vr 0 # 0$ @  v  H 0 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"NU    4^ (  0` 4R 4 3    v  4 C `$ @t  v\p___PPT10PH___PPT9___PPTMac11 ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   Threadpools? Why not one per process? Well, BDB wasn t written w/Erlang in mind - opening a database is a heavyweight operation; with 1 process per request you d be opening/closing the database on every operation -- not exactly whaty you had in mind. Although Erlang can support millions of processes; your OS won t let you open millions of file descriptors, and a database needs to open files So, all that ugliness I told you about in Internet service sofware architectures gets hidden in the EDTKb'w` |h  6  'W;&H 4 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Wt"t\  @<( ltncltnc <R < 3    v < C $ @  v ___PPT10x     ___PPT9     . ___PPTMac11   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   ,namd$ Times Roman   FX axis: imposed load explained below Y axis: throughput (in KB/second) Blue: apache on NFS Green: apache on local FS Red: Yaws running on NFS Take away: apache falls over at 4000 parallel connections; yaws makes it out to 85,000 16node cluster Machine 1 has the seb server: Machine 2 requests a page from Machine 1 in a tight loop Remaining machines 3-16 generate load: start large number of parallel sessions; each session asks for 1 byte from a file on machine 1, SLOWLY -- HTTP get request sending one character at a time with 10 second between each character (think DDOS) G%" W $$((W,,00p4488FF:iH < 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.Xt cxp^RЀ3ÿ lHbP  @AL G@;b `B&VaGrPICTj HH HH  )l%4 ٖvuvuvqvuxSuvrl‡uvt~͉ĮٖvuvuvqvuxSuvrl‡uvt~͉vki90G@?sZki90G@?sZD Xed eX"BXedeJD3>bd`NH6`dbrwD Xed eX"BXedeJD3>bd`NH6`dbrwyu xtV}~NH0yu xtV}~NH0z]`YNH]`YNH57HFNHg lqpqjή57HFNHg lqpqj uc 7\4gNHU* uc 7\4gNHU* R%wMGINHe dhgcέ R%wMGINHe dhgca d}=e2CH L0<NHa d}=e2CH L0<NHsz ~q(c,!NK,sz ~q(c,!NK,A%_on o_&= iԃ = ܷCkonlsOqng;ionml߮A%_on o_&= iԃ = ܷCkonlsOqng;ionmlec /k  6,fT9Iec /k  6,fT9IՏmjkjldswhaceeezjkismjkfjjkjlՏmjkjldswhaceeezjkismjkfjjkjl  ՜.+,D՜.+,DocumentSummaryInformation8?XCurrent UserYGl    'On-screen ShowOracleM## *TimesArialTimes New Roman HelveticaCourier WingdingsBlank PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint PresentationWhat kind of talk is this?Erlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?Erlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?Erlang + EDTK + BDB: Huh?Disruptive TechnologyOutlineAn Internet ServiceAn Internet ServiceAn Internet ServiceThe Software ArchitectureOutlineThe Erlang ApproachDont Fight the ProblemDont Fight the the Network!Dont Fight Distributed SoftwareErlang Tricks: ProcessesErlang Tricks: LinksErlang Tricks: ConcurrencyErlang Nuts and BoltsSpawning ProcessesMessage send and receiveSend/Receive ExampleSend/Receive ExecutionBDB in ErlangEDTK fixes mismatchAnd the code looks like BDBOutlineAn Internet ServiceHow does it Perform?AcknowledgementsPowerPoint PresentationPowerPoint Presentation  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles# 8@ _PID_HLINKS'A`http://www.emc.com/%_"u  Margo SeltzerMargo Seltzer